Is Free Agency a Sucker's Game?
I have a personal philosophy regarding free agency, and I'm curious to hear what people have to say about my line of logic.
The nature of free agency is that, for the most part, it's a straightforward bidding process. You get a player when you submit a larger bid for more money or for more years than any other team was willing to bid for that player's services.
Occasionally free agency works out great. The player outperforms expectations and provides an important ingredient helping the team to win. In a cap squeeze, such a player can become a valuable trade asset or you decide he's such an important part of the core of your team that you will not part with him. You're not "stuck" with the player.
More frequently, though, the bidding process caused you to bid more than what the player was actually worth. The expectations of the player are proportional to the financial commitment made by the team, but at the high end of free agency it's often impossible for a player to fulfill those lofty expectations. When the player actually starts playing for your team, everyone sees that you overpaid for him and the contract is considered to be "bad". The consequence of having a bad contract is that it's extremely difficult to move (see Rolston, Brian). Other teams weren't willing to pay the financial price that you paid when the player was a free agent - why would they want that player now that it's crystal clear that he is not worth the money he's being paid?
The problem is that bad contracts happen far more often than good contracts. Why might that happen? I believe that it's because when it comes to NHL players, every team has as much information as any other team. The analysis that John does for this site goes to show that NHL teams have tremendous statistical tools at their fingertips which can help them assess what a player is truly worth. They have as much video of the player as they could possibly want.
On the other hand, not every team has the same information on draft-eligible prospects as other teams. There are clearly teams that are considered to be superior in the draft. The data and video of these prospects is simply not as freely available as for NHL free agents. Thus, some teams are able to get better/more information in preparation for the draft than other teams are. You never, however, hear of a team that's "great at signing free agents", only of teams that are "great at drafting".
So if the teams have such great information on hand regarding established NHL players, why do they constantly overpay for free agents? I think it's because of the emotion involved when you believe that a certain free agent might be the last piece to your Stanley Cup puzzle. I think that belief that a Cup is within reach makes the GMs willing to pay an extra premium for that player. If ten teams have that belief each year but only one team actually wins the cup, it means a lot of GMs have paid extra money without earning that championship payday.
I think that big-ticket free agency is doomed to failure unless the player is for some reason willing to take a discount to play for your team. Free agency is a better bet for filling the lower ranks of your roster - where the proportion of suitors and players is decreased and the commitment time period is shorter.
The interesting thing about REALLY high-end free agents (like Kovalchuk) is that they know that huge contracts can cripple teams and make it difficult to assemble a winning team and so they tend to take less money than what they're actually worth. Players that signed early on in the cap era didn't actually fully understand this (lecavelier, spezza, ovechkin, crosby, malkin), but as time has passed, the superstars have realized they need to take less money in order to win (kane, toews, keith, backstrom, datsyuk, zetterberg). It should be noted that all of these players were re-signed by the team that drafted them, not acquired through free agency.
These days, the guys who sign 5 million dollar contracts are undoubtedly good players, but for each additional million dollars, you're likely to get a guy who provides much more value. A 5 mil player is expected to be a star, but probably doesn't make the All-Star game consistently (Plekanec, Martin). A 6 mil player is more like a superstar and a guy you can build your franchise around (Marleau). A 7 mil player should unequivocally be a franchise cornerstone (Kovalchuk), and an 8 mil player should be a Hart trophy candidate.
If a high-end player is asking for 7 mil when they are not a franchise cornerstone, that is a red flag in my book. It suggests to me that the player is less than fully committed to the team and to winning. They must know that they can't have their cake and eat it, too.
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Good post
I think one of the keys to Free Agency is knowing when you have a viable chance to acquire that cornerstone and whether or not that gives you the best chance of winning without sacrificing the next 10 years with an anchor of a contract or suffocating yourself against a ceiling.
In your second to last paragraph, you name 4 guys who would all have a significant impact on the Devils as a team. They address different needs, but they are all needs, not just hopes and dreams. Your salary expectations are good, although a couple of them may end up being higher than that. The difference between them is that 2 of them are Devils at the moment. You have a chance to make them longer term Devils before the sharks, vultures and lunatics have a chance to offer them (in many cases) far more than would be healthy for the team.
I’m probably wrong, but if I take a step back and think about things from a little bit of an evil bastard perspective, the Kovalchuk trade lights up a bit different. The most available superstar is coming up on UFA status. He’s already declined a ton of money from his current team. I could never offer that much money, but I can offer a real chance to win. Make him believe he’s the missing piece. Make him the cornerstone of our team. Make this the last team he plays for. If i can get him here for the rest of the season, I get to make him an offer before he jumps headlong into the water. Let’s do it. My best offer now, and my best Devil4Life offer come summer.
I cannot imagine a scenario where Lou has a flat out choice between Kovy and Martin and he picks Kovy. Doesn’t strike me as the best thing for the team, or anything that Lou would do. I can, however, see him trying to structure a “lifetime” contract for 7-10 years that would give him enough cap space to do a similar thing with Martin and still fill the remaining holes with a Center and some of our young guys.
I can’t wait for the damn ’hawks to finish this thing out tonight so Lou can finally get the HC thing out of the way so the FAs can start getting addressed.
Man, I love this time of year.
i agree that those four guys are likely to get even bigger contracts than what i list there, probably up to a million dollars more each. what i list there is what i feel to be an appropriate number for players that really want to win and don’t want to cripple their team with their contract. more often than not, the player underestimates the negative impact that his big contract can have.
when you look at the blackhawks, they have a few GREAT contracts in toews, kane, and keith, who all re-signed together last year (yes, keith’s term is a bit long for my liking). Hossa also signed last year, but his contract is a bad one. In my book, he has to be Hart-worthy to live up to that contract, and he should have known better that his contract will clip the hawks’ wings for many years to come. They will probably be contenders year after year, but it will be because of the contracts that the kids signed, and in spite of the contract that Hossa signed.
Campbell and Huet, on the other hand, were signed to contracts during a period of time under the current CBA where i feel like stars didn’t understand how much of a discount they would have to take in order to make their team a perennial contender. even ovechkin, crosby, and malkin are overpaid by my standard, because they’ve made it really difficult for their franchises to build a better team around them, but like Campbell and Huet they signed their contracts a few years ago when it was less clear how detrimental their contracts would be.
I think this is a great post
But I think there is a bit of a flaw in your logic stemming from the superstars needing to take less. It does make sense, but, if all of the superstars were to do it, then you would end up in a situation where you have to keep taking less and less in order to not be taking too much. It is hard to explain, but I hope you understand what I mean.
Say a player like Kovalchuk takes less money to stay with the Devils. He wants there to be more under the salary cap to fit in more quality players to result in a cup. Beside the fact that we are assuming a player cares more about the Stanley Cup than their payday, we are not making the “lower quality” players take a smaller salary. So Kovalchuk takes less money, as does Parise and Brodeur. The Clarksons and Langenbrunners (mid-tiered FAs) do not have to take lower salaries though, because now the team has more cap room. So we haven’t really solved the problem unless EVERYONE on the team somehow evalutaes what they are worth, and then drops the price a bit. But if that happened, then wouldn’t the salary caps just go down?
I am not sure if I am explaining this well so I apologize in advance.
i think i get what you’re saying.
Superstars have to be the top-paid players on the team. It’s not acceptable for a mid-tier player to be making more than the stars of the team. However, superstars have the power to effectively “cap” the maximum salary allowable for any non-superstar player. They set a precedent, an example that signals to the rest of the team that some degree of financial sacrifice may be needed for the sake of winning and I think that peer pressure is very powerful in the locker room, especially for younger players who look up to the veteran superstars. The way superstars make up for their lost wages, however, is in negotiating for long terms, no trade clauses – essentially buying themselves stability.
As long as they stay under the cap hit of the superstars, mid-tier players don’t have to take much of a pay cut. It’s understood that superstars make a lot of money over the course of their careers, especially when you account for endorsements. Mid-tier players, however, may have a shorter career or may have only one opportunity to strike it rich in free agency, and I think their teammates understand that they need to look out for themselves and their families. A little bit of selfishness by those players is probably condoned and simply acknowledged by saying “it’s a business”.
The net effect of this, which I feel is a trend around the league, is that the pay gap between superstars and mid-tier players is shrinking. What I think the prudent GM has to be careful of is that some lesser stars are asking for – and getting – franchise cornerstone-type money. My guess is that kovalchuk and marleau will make awfully similar money this summer. Kovy is 27 years old – if he signs an 8-yr contract, I feel he will probably make an average of 7.5-8.0 per year. If he signs a lifetime contract taking him to age 40 (13 yrs), I feel he will average closer to 6.5-7.0 per year. He could find a team to pay him more, for sure, but i think that those are the numbers he will settle for to play on a good team. Marleau is 30 – i would guess his contract will be something like 7 yrs, 7.0 mil per yr. Let me compare: Kovalchuk plus a league-minimum 4th liner vs Marleau plus a million dollar depth player – I would much rather take Kovalchuk. I think over the course of the next 7 or so years, Kovalchuk will consistently score 40 goals and 80-90 points per year. I think that Marleau, over the same span of time, will score an average of maybe 25-30 goals and 60-70 points per year (higher in the first few years of the contract and lower as the contract ends). Kovalchuk will not be a “bad contract” in the next 7 years, but Marleau will be one within 4 years.
In summary, I think that any team that goes after Marleau before they make an effort to sign Kovalchuk is crazy. Marleau won’t come that much cheaper than Kovy, but Kovy will provide MUCH better value over the course of the contract. I don’t care about whether the team needs a center or a wing – you go for Kovalchuk and ask questions later, trading for a center if you need to.
In saying this, I’m not necessarily advocating that the Devils try to re-sign Kovalchuk. I think the Devils have to have a better plan for integrating Kovalchuk into the lineup than they did this past season before they make a commitment like that. I’m just illustrating the point that superstars in Kovalchuk’s class provide much more value for just about a million dollars more than mere stars like Marleau (who would be an important part of the core of any team, just not the driving force). And superstars like Kovalchuk are rarely available on the free agent market – it’s a once-in-a-decade opportunity and I think the team that signs him will be very lucky.
Great conversation - thanks
But I still feel like Kovalchuk should not be signed by the Devils. Part of my worry that nobody really talks about is what if he bolts to the KHL after signing a contract? He seems to be serious in at least considering Russia as an option, so if he doesn’t find what the is looking for with the Devils, what is to stop him from packing up and heading home?
I really do feel like we need a center. I understand what you say about signing the best players and figuring it out later, and for the most part I would agree. I always find it silly, for instance, when people talk about draftng for the needs of the team instead of simply the best player. (Especially in the NHL, where it is rare for a player to make it even two or three years after they are drafted.) But in this case, the team is loaded with wingers, two of which have been tried at center with what I would call bad results. We could re-sign Kovalchuk and continue to have a line of Kovy-Elias-RW, but we have already seen that be uneffective.
On the khl – I don’t understand why anyone would say that Kovalchuk is all about the money. If anything, the fact that he turned down Atlanta’s 100-million dollar deal is a huge signal to me that throwing money at him will not work. The man left Atlanta because he wants to win the Stanley Cup, and a KHL championship will just not quench his thirst. I think the KHL is very serious about trying to sign him – I don’t think the feeling is mutual.
Regardless, even if he signed a contract and then bolted to Russia, there’s no way that the NHL would hold the Devils accountable for his cap hit. So if he decided to leave five years down the line, it doesn’t hurt the Devils.
The Devils definitely need a scoring center. I’m not advocating for Kovy’s signing, although I think Kovy will provide great value and the Devils will figure out a way to make it work if it happens. Whether that means some combination of trading for a center, signing a FA center, placing the burden on Josefson to step up, giving up a draft pick to dump Rolston on another team, or trusting Elias and Kovy to make it work, I don’t know. However, I think Marleau and Plekanec will be bad values. I think their cap hits will exceed their production. I have this thing against free agency unless the player is willing to take a discount to play for your team.
I would have to agree. If anything, Kovalchuk is using the KHL as leverage and that’s that. Now, if he was 33 or 34, I could see it as more likely. But at age 27, he’s at the prime of his career and NHL success is the only thing that has eluded him in his career.
I don’t think free agency is a sucker’s game, it’s a little like drafting only with more known assets and you go for need more since the player can immediately step into the NHL. You have more knowledge of who to get, but their value is often driven by others interest. For a guy like Rolston who was playing VERY well and VERY productive prior to that summer, he got so much interest that whoever was going to get him had to overpay somewhat. At the time, who knew that he’d decline so sharply. Likewise, who knew that Andy Greene could blossom the way he did after signing a reasonable deal. Just like with drafting, it’s often looked at with hindsight to see who “won” and who “lost.”
Devils in my heart! Devils in my mind! Devils in my eyes! Devils until I die!
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by John Fischer on Jun 12, 2010 12:55 PM EDT up reply actions

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